Emergency Medical Technician and Past Firefighters Essay Example for Free

Crisis Medical Technician and Past Firefighters Essay Seeing others get injured and not having the option to help transpires a recently. In life numerous mishaps happen whether we need them to or not. There are a few motion pictures like â€Å"The F456y7allen†, â€Å"Ablaze†, â€Å"Bad Day on the Block,† among others, that show how firemen defeat the blazes and spare peoples’ lives while taking a chance with their own. Seeing these motion pictures and taking a gander at how mishaps happen has motivated me to become what we call a â€Å"hero,† meaning a fireman. To turn into an astonishing pioneer, for example, a fireman you should be dependable and fearless, yet you should likewise have the option to work and speak with others under unpleasant conditions. One part of this calling you not have considered is the manner by which extraordinarily fluctuated and serious the activity of a fireman is. Firemen tackle a wide range of sorts of issues each day, from basic health related crises to complex episodes like flames, floods, fear monger related occurrences and auto collisions. So as to finish these undertakings, they must have mental fortitude. In spite of the fact that it is risky, they can spare numerous individuals from passing on or getting injured. Being regarded by numerous youngsters and grown-ups is something that makes me need to turn into a fireman (Aspiring Firefighters). On the off chance that you are thinking about the amount I would work, most usually firemen work in 24-hour shifts, answering to work at 7:30 am and working until 7:30 am the following day. On the normal firemen work a sum of 56 hours out of every week, except since these hours are dealt with a constant premise, firemen appreciate a ton of downtime. On the normal firemen work ten 24-hour moves every month, leaving them to appreciate 20 days every month where they are off the clock. (Yearning Firefighters) Firefighters are frightened while playing out their employments. On the off chance that any fireman reveals to you that the person has never been in dread for their life, they are either new to the fire administration, don’t need to startle you, or maybe seem frail (Aspiring Firefighters). A fire fighter suit has three layers of basic firefighting gear. The external layer, which is water safe and shields from cut, is generally made of a Nomex/Kevlar mix. The warm layer shields from heat. The Moisture Barrier keeps most dampness out, this is likewise generally produced using a nomex/kevlar mix This suit normally weighs as much as 60 pounds. Despite the fact that this suit is substantial it isnt difficult to wear and with many practice I will have the option to prevail with regards to helping individuals. On the off chance that I am chosen to be a fireman, I should experience a few phases of thorough preparing. This keeps going 2 months, 5 days per week from 7am to 5PM. In the event that I complete the firefighting segment you will proceed onward to your EMT-B (crisis clinical specialist) class. This keeps going 3 months, 5 days per week from 7AM to 5PM. You will likewise have 2 hours of physical preparing a day; this is generally running and weight preparing. In the event that you complete your EMT-B you will move onto EVOC (crisis vehicle activity class). This keeps going around multi month, 5 days per week from 7AM to 5AM. When your preparation is finished, you will be set in a station where you will be required to finish a 1 year probation period under the oversight of a preceptor just as the organization official. Global Firefighters’ Day (IFFD) is where the world’s network can perceive and respect the penances that firemen make to guarantee that their networks and condition are as sheltered as could reasonably be expected. It is likewise a day in which current and past firemen can be expressed gratitude toward for their commitments. There are a wide range of characteristics that make a fireman a legend. They not just hazard their lives to spare different people’s, however they defeat numerous deterrents like going through a wide range of kinds of preparing, for example, â€Å"EMT-B† and â€Å"EVOC†. They need to wear unique apparel that weighs as much as 60 pounds and work from about 7:30 am to 7:30 am the following day. Few out of every odd individual could turn into a fireman it takes mental fortitude, want, and heart to be as devoted to the activity as these people seem to be. I am certainly ready to beat these snags to help and spare numerous lives that are at serious risk. As eminent researcher and scholar Joseph Campbell once stated, â€Å"A saint is somebody who has given their life to an option that could be greater than oneself. †

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Work, Bus, Ring, and Star are a wide range of a topology. Every one of these sorts of topology is utilized for explicit network’s yet a few systems can utilizes any mix of the four. A work topology has each station associated with the others. This system is increasingly hard to set up yet gives a lot of execution and unwavering quality. In a Mesh arrange in the event that a fragment of the system is broken, at that point the bundle being sent will locate a backup way to go to its goal. Work are utilized in Wide Area Networks (WANs) where unwavering quality is significant, this is utilized were the system is little. A transport arrange has a solitary link that is the foundation of the framework. Ethernet transport systems are generally simple to introduce and don't require much cabling. Transport systems work best with a set number of gadgets in such a case that a link bombs the whole system adequately gets unusable. Ring topologies, all the gadgets on the system are associated with a typical link, which circles from gadget to gadget. Ring systems are execute in SONET and FDDI rings. Ring systems are exceptionally quick and basic system, notwithstanding if any piece of the ring goes down, the whole system is down. Star topology, every gadget has its own link interfacing the gadget to a typical center. The center that is the focal association purpose of the system. A disappointment of a link will just bring down one gadget in the system and not the whole system but rather if the center point goes down the whole system is down. Star systems are anything but difficult to execute and broaden, even in huge systems, and disappointment of a non-focal gadget won't effectsly affect the usefulness of the system. This is way numerous organizations use Star systems. Topologies stay a significant piece of system structure. With the comprehension of each sort of topology, any one can structure and assemble their own netwok Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and remote are a wide range of convention. These are a lot of decides that oversee the correspondence between gadgets on the system. Ethernet is a convention is the generally broadly utilized. The gadgets tune in to the link before sending anything through the system. Ethernet utilizes a transport or star topology and information move paces of 10 Mbps (10Base-T Ethernet), 100 Base-T (Fast Ethernet) and 1 (Gigabit Ethernet). Token Ring, all gadgets are associated in a ring or star topology where the slightest bit or token is passing plan, this to forestall the impact of information between two gadgets that need to send messages simultaneously.

Salivary Essays - Saliva, Oxidizing Agents, Metabolism, Enzymes

Salivary Amylase Lab In this research center, I watched the procedure by which salivary amylase, a chemical emitted by the salivary organs in the mouth, separates starch into maltose. This requires a moderately direct investigation with just several pointers, some test tubes, and a starch source. To comprehend the procedure, one needs to comprehend substance responses with catalysts and the its significant job in the stomach related arrangement of the human (Chapter 37). Just to revive the peruser, I will characterize a couple of words that will show up later on in the lab. Starch is intricate accumulation of straightforward sugars (or a polysaccharide) that when separated into less difficult substance, structures two-sugar maltose (a disaccharide). The protein required to separate starch, just by basic blending, is salivary amylase, as depicted above. The two pointers utilized in this investigation are synthetic substances that demonstrate the nearness of the relating substances, starch and maltose. Iodine shows starch with a shading change from ruddy earthy colored to dark. Benedict's shows maltose with a shading change from translucent blue to orange-yellow (with the guide of warmth). I will give my theories and the expectations for the consequences of the tests. The primary trial required the blend of salivation and cereal in two test tubes, one for testing starch and one for testing sugar. I speculate that the iodine will show positive for starch and the Benedicts will show positive for maltose. The subsequent examination called for the testing of salivation for starch and sugar, in isolated test tubes. I think the trial of iodine and Benedict's will both be negative. The third and last test is a blend of cereal and H20 (water); I foresee the Method In this lab, the accompanying materials were utilized to see better enzymatic/stomach related movement with spit: - Pinch of Oatmeal - Mortar and pestle - A volunteer to flexibly the required spit - Saliva ( mL) - Six test tubes - Preferably Distilled Water ( mL) - Five drops in each test container of Benedict's Solution - Five drops in each test container of Iodine - Tube rack - Hot plate - Beaker with bubbling water put on hot plate Procedure and Results This area gives an orderly, point by point clarification on how the investigation was done and what happened a while later. *NEXT PAGE* NOTE: I will some of the time allude to maltose as sugar (and visa versa) as as per the examination. Strategy SET UP TEST TUBES LIKE SO: 1) Make sure the best possible materials recorded above are readied (placed cylinders in tube rack and start setting up the bubbling water recepticle) 2) Place the necessary measure of cereal in the mortar and pestle and begin pounding the cereal into a powder. 3) At the same time let the volunteer(s) flush their mouth with water from the water wellspring and afterward start to deplete spit into the assigned measuring glass. 4) When gotten done with the waste, put the right measure of spit into the comparing test tubes. 5) Take the powdered oats and spot it in the assigned test tubes. 6) Take the foreordained measure of water and put it in the assigned test tubes. 7) Place five drops of Benedicts in each of the assigned compartments and spot the cylinders in the warmed measuring utencil for a couple of moments or on the other hand until results. 8) Record results. 9) The subsequent stage is to put five drops of iodine in the assigned test cylinders and hang tight for results. 10) Record results. 11) Experiment strategies are finished. Results and Discussion By looking at the entirety of the outcomes, one can tell that a large portion of my speculations were right. I will start by posting the outcomes clarifying how I went over these corrected speculations. (+) and (- ) represent positive and negative test outcomes Iodine=test for starch, Benedicts=test for sugar Saliva and Oatmeal TT1: Iodine (+)/ Shading - blue/dark TT2: Benedicts (+)/Color ? green/orange Saliva TT3: Iodine (- )/Color ? Yellow TT4: Benedicts (- )/Color ? Blue Oatmeal and H20 TT5: Iodine (+)/Color ? blue/dark TT6: Benedicts (- )/Color ? blue I anticipated that the blend of salivation and cereal would yield positive outcomes for both the iodine and the Benedicts test. My theory was right. My next forecast was that the iodine and Benedicts tests for spit would both turn out negative; I proposed effectively once more. The last pair of cylinders containing a blend of cereal and H20 were likewise tried with iodine and Benedicts; I anticipated that the iodine would be sure however the Benedicts would result negative; I was right by and by in my speculations. I will presently talk about

Recommendations on Canadian government in response to climate change Essay

Suggestions on Canadian government in light of environmental change - Essay Example Discharge of different poisons prompts natural debasement and turns out to be logically increasingly extreme, if not checked in time. Unregulated emanation and sewage brings about an Earth-wide temperature boost; people’s wellbeing in any case, it can cause plant and creature eradication too. It is in this manner occupant on Canada and different nations to make proper move in handling the different toxins truly and earnestly. Harms brought about by contamination are not liable to have any detectable effect on people’s current lives inside ten years, it is being trusted. One can never be too certain whether the group of people yet to come will have the option to appreciate the personal satisfaction as individuals as of now do in the following fifty years. So as to lessen the general natural harms, Canadian government could give a lot of strategies that control firms’ discharges and ensure the earth. In many nations, there is a missing business sector of creation externalities which infers that firms’ peripheral private expense (MPC) is lower than their minor social cost (MSC). The contrast among MPC and MSC in this manner turns into a weight to the general public which prompts social wastefulness and overconsumption (Pettinger, 2013). A parity consequently should be struck by the Government to practice power over discharges by counterbalancing against this expense. Canadian government could stop the creation of intensely (high carbon) contaminating firms. For less dirtying firms, Canadian government could set a carbon expense to disguise the externalities. The presentation of carbon expense will move up the MPC bend to MSC by an assessment for each unit, constraining the discharge generators to pay themselves for their deeds. A carbon charge subsequently expands the general cost of carbon-escalated products however it is exceptionally difficult to set. The Government should endeavor to stage the duty in, by giving the shopper and producer a support zone for self-guideline;

Whats New in Turabian 9th Edition

What’s New in Turabian 9th Edition (5) Attention, Turabian lovers! Earlier this year, the 9th edition of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, otherwise known as “Turabian,” was launched and listed new guidelines for formatting citations. We at , carefully reviewed the updates and identified two important changes we believe you need to know before jumping in to write your next research paper. Keep in mind that Turabian style is a companion to Chicago Manual of style. The changes in the 9th edition of Turabian reflect the changes published in the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Like Chicago style, Turabian has two distinct types of citation formatting rules: Author-Date and Note-Bibliography. Always check with your instructor if you are unsure of which type to use in your paper. Changes in Author-Date Style The publication year can now be repeated in some types of citations.   The year can now be repeated in citations that include the publication month and day. Jennings, Ralph. 2018. “Taiwans Once Mighty High-Tech Sector Is Falling Behind Because of Low Pay.”  Forbes, February 15, 2018. Accessed April 23, 2018.  https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2017/04/23/taiwans-once-mighty-high-tech-sector-is-falling-behind-because-of-low-pay/#69ad9e867b43 Changes in Notes-Bibliography Style The treatment of a title in website citations now depends on the website. If the website has a print counterpart, such as the website for a newspaper, the title should be in italics. If it does not, it should not be in italics. Examples: The New York Times Gizmodo Use of “ibid.” is no longer encouraged. Ibid is the abbreviated version of the Latin word ibidem, meaning “in the same place.” Previously, if you used the same source two times or more in a note, you could use ibid instead of re-listing the same information. Now, according to the new 9th edition, you should include a shortened footnote citation. To avoid repetition, the title of a work that has just been cited may be left out. Middlekauff,  Glorious Revolution, 401â€"2. 2. Middlekauff, 433. 3. Jacobs,  Women in Africa, 37â€"38. 4. Jacobs, 201â€"2. If you have Chicago style citing needs, give EasyBib Plus a try. In addition to having a footnotes tool, access thousands of citation styles including APA format, MLA style, and more!

Standardized Aptitude Tests - Free Essay Example

Americas school system has strayed from the American dream of gifting our youth with the opportunity of a free education. While this sounds like a dream it is not a reality. Americas schools are understaffed and underfunded. America once held the #1 rank in Education and now has been dropped to the unthinkable 16th spot. Our current methodology allows individual states to implement standards, select curriculum programs and set qualification minimums for their teachers. The current hot topic is the unfairness of standardized testing. Educators are experiencing pressure to show their effects on students. Unfortunately, the way a school is judged is based on student performance on standardized achievement tests. A standardized test is any examination thats administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner. There are two major kinds of standardized tests: aptitude tests and achievement tests. Standardized aptitude tests predict how well students are likely to perform in an educational setting. For example, the ACT and the SAT are standardized aptitude tests. If a schools standardized test scores are high, people think the schools staff is doing their job. If a schools standardized test scores are l ow, they see the schools staff as doing badly. In either case, because educational quality is being measured wrong, those evaluation of educational quality are wrong. Standardized testing allows for comparisons in schools student achievements and accounts teachers for these achievements. These important reasons show why standardized testing is one of the hottest topics in education. Standardized testing has not necessarily improved Americas education system. After No Child Left Behind Act passed in 2002, the US slipped from 18th in the world in math on the Program for International Student Assessment to the measly 31st place in 2009. With a similar drop in science and no improvements in reading. A May 26, 2011, National Research Council report found no evidence test-based incentive programs are working: Despite using them for several decades, policymakers and educators do not yet know how to use test-based incentives to consistently generate positive effects on achievement and to improve education. Standardized tests are an unrel iable measure of student performance. A 2001 study published by the Brookings Institution found that 50-80% of test score improvements over time were temporary and caused by fluctuations that had nothing to do with long-term changes in learning Standardized tests measure only a small portion of what makes education meaningful. According to late education researcher Gerald W. Bracey, PhD, qualities that standardized tests cannot measure include creativity, critical thinking, resilience, motivation, persistence, curiosity, endurance, reliability, enthusiasm, empathy, self-awareness, self-discipline, leadership, civic-mindedness, courage, compassion, resourcefulness, sense of beauty, sense of wonder, honesty, integrity. School is important because it teaches important life skills but lately schools have been focusing in on teaching to the test. Teaching to the test is replacing good teaching practices with drill n kill learning. A five-year University of Maryland study completed in 2007 found the pressure teachers were feeling to teach to the test' since NCLB was leading to declines in teaching higher-order thinking, in the amount of time spent on complex assignments, and in the actual amount of high cognitive content in the curriculum. School is no longer about learning necessary skills for life and the work place it is all about the dreaded standardized tests in May. Instruction time is instead being consumed by test preparation. Some schools use more than 25% of the years instruction to test preparation. After New York Citys reading and math scores dropped in 2010, many schools added even more test preparation to avoid being shut down. Including daily two-and-a-half-hour prep sessions and extra required test practice on vacation days such as fall break and holidays. On Sep. 11, 2002, students at Monterey High School in Lubbock, TX, were prevented from discussing the first anniversary of the 2001 terrorist attacks because they were too busy with standardized test prep. Standardized testing causes severe stress in younger students. According to education researcher Gregory J. Cizek, anecdotes abound illustrating how testing produces gripping anxiety in even the brightest students, and makes young children vomit or cry, or both. On Mar. 14, 2002, the Sacramento Bee reported that test-related jitters, especially among young students, are so common that the Stanford-9 exam comes with instructions on what to do with a test booklet in case a student vomits on it. Make your own opinion for yourself, but it is clear to me. That standardized test are bad news! Students are being unfairly compared. Teachers are being unfairly compared. Because of standardized testing students are no longer receiving the real-life education they need and this needs to change.

Killer Instincts in Oscar Wildes Novel, The Picture of...

â€Å"When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving one’s self, and one always ends by deceiving others,† (Wilde 46). Dorian Gray deceives himself by not knowing he is in love, and ends by showing everyone his most horrible traits. In his novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde talks about Dorian Gray, an innocent, beautiful young man who does not understand the power of his own beauty. Basil Hallward, an artist, discovers Dorian and paints a magnificent portrait of him. When one of Basil’s friends Lord Henry advises Dorian of his divine beauty and youth, Dorian wishes for the portrait to age instead of him. This idea creates a storyline for the novel, as Dorian spends more time with Lord Henry, who influences his views. These ideas lead Dorian into embarking on bad endeavors. Throughout the book, these deeds end up with Dorian killing many things. In the novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, the author Oscar Wilde shows how â€Å"each man kills the th ing he loves†, only if the thing he loves brings out the worst in himself. Dorian Gray realizes his hatred for the painter of his portrait Basil Hallward, and decides to kill him. After a long time away, Basil decides to visit Dorian at his home. Basil talks to Dorian about all the rumors he has heard against him and has come to confront him about them. In a heated conversation, Basil asks Dorian to see his soul, and Dorian decides to show him the portrait, as it is essentially his soul. Dorian believes that, â€Å"the man who

A Case Of Earthquake In My Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 427 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Earthquake Essay Did you like this example? During the earthquake, I will be in 2nd period and the period is 20 mins from being over, and ill be doing my homework early and Mr. Crowell tells us to get under our desks and that an earthquake will be striking in a few minutes max.   So we do and dont you know it   did and everyone started screaming and crying.   After the first quake I stay still and wait for further instructions, then Mr. Crowell starts yelling at us to get out of the building.   We all start to get up and were all looking around the building and it is very dusty due to the ceiling crumbling, some are crying, some are scared, and some are covering their ears.   Im covering my mouth and eyes because the dust hurts my eyes.   Once Mr. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Case Of Earthquake In My Life" essay for you Create order Crowell starts leaving we all run behind him,clinging close to him trying not to loose him through the thick dust.   I try to find my friends by yelling for them, but through all the screaming no one can hear me.   Once we exit the building I hear screaming all around me not from just the kids but mostly everyone I look at the fence and cars have crashed and the ambulance is showing up with the rest of the forces.   The teachers are telling everyone to calm down and everyone is going to be fine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My family and I have agreed to stay at school until I can call them or they pick me up.   So I stay at school and then I see my dads work truck pull into the school parking lot.   He gets out and we hug for a few seconds and when I look into the truck I see my Brother, Sister, and my Step-Mom.   I quickly get into the back and buckle and my dad gets out of the lot and starts driving really fast.   He says there should be a tsunami coming in thirty minutes or so, so we need to get as far East as possible.   This is the best plan because my parents never told me to go anywhere so staying would be the best idea because it is the first place I know they would check, and my dads truck is a four wheel drive so we could go off the road to get somewhere fast.   We pass my apartment and its completely destroyed. My dad says he put our earthquake preparedness kit in the truck, he said it should contain enough supplies to last us a week and a half.

Constraint Induced Aphasia Therapy For Aphasiac Patients...

After suffering from a stroke, many victims go through rehabilitation to help regain the language skills they lost from their stroke. Specific abilities that are lost or impaired are speech and language skills, which result in acquiring aphasia. In 2001, constraint induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) was introduced by Friedemann Pulvermuller. It is a therapeutic technique that allows one to achieve their individual vocational communication needs. CIAT is known to be one of the most successful forms of therapy for aphasiac patients with promising and positive outcomes. Because of CIAT’s stringent treatment structure, one’s brain is trained to use its cognitive and vocational abilities that may have been damaged during the stroke. CIAT requires patients to use spoken language instead of other forms of nonverbal communication that they naturally want to use. Unlike many other forms of therapy, CIAT helps one to expand their expressive output abilities and their personal lan guage production skills. Although stroke rehabilitation does not entirely restore brain damage, constraint induced aphasia therapy can significantly help one achieve their vocational communication needs again. A patient who goes through CIAT is exposed to an extremely intense therapy when they begin treatment. Usually, therapy will last for three to four hours everyday for about two weeks or ten therapy days The length of CIAT is significantly shorter than conventional speech and language therapy because

Racial, Ethnic, And Cultural History Essay - 1127 Words

I learn about the different racial, ethnic, and cultural history of people. We don t stop and see what going on in the world. Like the right of women, who try to have equal rights as men in this world. Look at the newspaper to see what going on in the world and talk about the right of people and how they felt about it. We don t understand how other person feel if say something racist comment. People think it is okay about everything in the world and it is fine. I don t believe that this is fine and if is fine then we world keep fight some war in this world. I learn about women s right, and it affect us all over the world. The information that helps me understand is that we do live in the past and we don t see what we do to help us understand. We don t think about people feeling and how it affects the other people. I believe that we shouldn t people other down if they look different than us. People believe that if we are one race than we wouldn t be tease but I believe that it will be bad. I reflect on 2050 and the immigration population about the growth. I think that the population will grow and immigration will be significant population than white people. The total will be increasing about 7 percent to 210 million, or 50.1 percent of the population, in the year 2050. The Asians and Hispanics will have the most dramatic rises between now and mid-century. One example will be that we will have people that will be working anywhere and will have more immigration thatShow MoreRelatedJose Martinez s Phenomenology Of Chicana Experience And Identity884 Words   |  4 Pagesidentifying ethnic mode of consciousness, the knowing - unknown to investigate her father’s mostly hidden heritage. She uses the knowing - unknown mode of consciousness to attempt a rediscovery of her hidden Chicana identity. However, Martinez’s investigation of her father’s mostly hidden heritage creates an indirect silence about her mother’s heritage. In chapter three, Martin ez’s exploration of her Chicana lesbian identity rests primarily in the Chicana history and she disregards the Anglo’s history ofRead MoreImportance Of Race Ethnicity : An Exploration Of Asian, Black, Latino, And Multiracial Adolescent Identity Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesLatino, and Multiracial adolescent identity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 144-151. doi: 10.1037/a0018668 (a) Contextual information about the purpose/intention of this study: Throughout the history of United States, race has been one of the biggest problems, despite the fact that everyone that lives within United States is a descendent of an immigrant. 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Multiculturalism as Basis for Varied Ethno-Racial Projects: The United States and Germany in Comparison Emerging during the post-WWII reality of the United States, the term â€Å"multiculturalism† has long been embedded into the fabric of American understandings of race and ethnicity. Despite recent efforts to move ‘beyond multiculturalism’, this word and the color-blind ideology supporting it will continue to shape the trajectory of attitudes, policies and activism in theRead MoreAll Men Are Created Equal1103 Words   |  5 Pagesall. To combat inequalities, we must identify the obstacles that refrain us from establishing complete equality. In Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective, historian George M. Fredrickson writes extensively about the ethnic relations between different races and religions throughout American history. Frederickson analyzes four models of ethnic relations, which include hierarchy, assimilation, pluralism, and separatism. Each of these has defined how groups of people have establishedRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Ethnic Minorities812 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Statement Discrimination of Racial/Ethnic Minorities Racial discrimination is rooted in U.S. history. The enslavement of Blacks and murders of Native Americans, by the early Europeans, are representative of this. The context of America’s history with race shapes the minds of physicians both implicitly and overtly (Feagin Bennefield, 2014). Studies have shown that physicians believe White patients are â€Å"more intelligent†, Black patients â€Å"lack the drive† to adhere to instructions, andRead MoreMulticultural Education Is A Method For Instruction That Values Diversity Within The Classroom1227 Words   |  5 Pagesour school, students are becoming increasingly diverse, by assisting pupils to attaining knowledge, attitudes they need in order to become active citizens within our society. 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Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity` Free Essays

Aims: To arrange pupils who took part in the exercise in order of fitness level. I will look at who is the fittest and see why, and also see if there are different fitness levels between girls and boys within the group. Method: The information that I have been given is that eight pupils, four of each sex took part in a stepping activity, their height and weight were recorded, the heart rate of all pupils before the activity, the heart rate of all pupils at regular intervals during the activity and the heart rate of all pupils 10 and 20 minutes after the activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity` or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way in which the pupils who carried out the investigation took the measure of heart rate was in the following way; each pupil in turn was connected to a BBC heart rate monitor and then asked to step up and down for ten minutes. Their heart rate was taken every 2 minutes. The pupils were then asked to rest. Their heart rate was taken again 10 and 20 minutes after the exercise had been completed. Background Information: There are many measures of fitness. For example the volume of blood, this is very important. The red blood cells contain the haemoglobin that reacts with oxygen. There are about 5.5 million red blood cells in each cubic cm of blood in a healthy adult. So the larger the volume of blood, the more oxygen is transported in a minute. So it is vital to have the requested amount of blood as that oxygenated blood which contains the oxyhaemoglobin, is that one that transports the oxygen to the cells, in this case the muscles exerting the force will be in most need to oxygen. Another thing that will affect the efficiency of the pupils in the exercise is how big the lungs are. If the lungs were big, they would have a large volume of air because the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles are larger and therefore create a larger volume when they contract; this is advantageous since they supply the increasing amount of oxygen to the blood passing through. When a person exercises, the level of carbon dioxide in blood increases and this is toxic. This increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is detected by the chemoreceptors, which send messages to the medulla oblongata, which in turn sends messages via the nerve fibers to the intercostals muscles, and diaphragm making them allow larger volumes of air in and because of that breathing rate increases. So the bigger the lungs, the more carbon dioxide they can take out from the carboxyhaemoglobin as they inhale. Until this point its all aerobic respiration but when it gets to the point when the heart can’t cope with the increasing demand for oxygen, the muscles will not get enough oxygen to react with glucose to create the energy to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is then used as an `energy currency` to `pay` for these changes in a cell which require energy, the cells start to break down what it can from the glucose to create little energy without the presence of oxygen, this is called anaerobic respiration as it doesn’t need oxygen and doesn’t produce carbon dioxide and water but instead Lactic acid. So no matter how fast you breathe or how fast your heartbeats, your body cannot obtain enough oxygen from aerobic respiration to supply all its energy needs. So although your muscles will get the energy they need, this lactic acid will start to collect in the muscles, which changes the blood pH, which also makes your muscles ache. So at the end of the exercise, the heart would have reached its limit in some pupils. The limit is when the heart is pumping as fast as it can and all the oxygen in the arterioles is taken and most of carbon dioxide is given to the venules. Within a minute, there will be too much of this acid that your muscles stop working altogether. So build up of lactic acid affects performance. You then will be breathing deeply after the exercise to repay the oxygen debt, which is the amount of oxygen needed to get rid of the acid. The heart is a muscular organ, so the cardiac tissue develops more strength with increased use so therefore when someone exercises that will make the heart more efficient and increases its size. So when the muscle develops the heart will pump more blood in each beat. This means that the heart can beat less frequently and still pump the same amount of blood. So the stronger the heart the fitter the person is. Now I am going to represent the information that I have been given in a series of graphs and charts so that I can analyze them and evaluate the procedure. Analysis: Graph number 1 shows the heart rate of all the pupils before, during and after the activity. A resting pulse is the pulse that you have when you are relaxing and not doing any exercise and doing your normal body functions. So when you compare the resting pulse of the pupils you notice a difference, this is because some pupils have stronger hearts. So low heart rate indicates strong cardiac muscles, which may be inferred that person is physically fit. Graph number 3 shows that the boy’s average heart rate is higher than the girls; therefore I can assume that the heart muscle of the girls is stronger within this sample. During the exercise phase all the pupils’ heart rate goes up because there is a greater demand for energy, which is met when the heart supplies blood carrying oxygen and glucose necessary for respiration. Due to the strengths of the hearts, some of the pupils are only able to sustain the effort for only a short period of time and others for longer. The heart rate goes down after the pupils stop exercising because there is a less demand for oxygen in the muscles, and so the heart is able to cope with that easily and therefore it doesn’t need to beat as frequent. You do realize that at the 10th minute the exercise is over, after the 10th minute, the graph shows the recovery time of all pupils. The recovery time is the time a pupil takes to recover from the end of the exercise to return back to the resting pulse. I have drawn a separate graph for the recovery time, as this time is an important sign of fitness. The shorter the time the fitter the person is because the person hasn’t got much of oxygen to pay back to get rid of the lactic acid. This shows that his\her heart copes well with the increasing demand for oxygen. From graph number 2 you can see that Anne and Daljit have the shortest recovery time, which is also identical i.e. 20 minutes, the longest recovery time is Jane’s which was 30 minutes long. So she took a while to repay the oxygen debt, her heart is not strong as the others, because it needed to keep pumping frequently to get the required amount of oxygen to where its wanted. Also the bar chart shows that the boy’s recovery time is slightly higher than the girls’ recovery time. The boys have an average of 19.5 and the girls have an average of 21.5. These averages are not accurate because we have not been given accurate information, as the pupils who took these measures, didn’t take them at narrow time intervals. So looking at these averages in addition graph number 3 showing pulse rate of boys verses girls which tells us that girls in this group have stronger cardiac muscles than boys for this sample. Summary: I conclude that Anne is the fittest pupil for a number of reasons. Anne has the lowest resting pulse and during the exercise her pulse rate stays the lowest, which means that she has got strong cardiac muscles, she has a very fast recovery time, which shows she is fit, and she is also physically fit because she has strong leg muscles. For the same reasons I will place the others in order of fitness level being the fittest at the top: 1. Anne 2. Daljit 3. Rhona 4. Marj 5. Jane 6. Sean 7. Aaron 8. Stan Evaluation: I am going to evaluate the experiment in the following way: the aim of the experiment is to find out who is the fittest and if there was any difference in fitness levels between boys and girls, but this experiment only experiments the stamina, and fitness involves all the S-factors which are strength, speed, stamina and suppleness. So they must cover the other three aspects. For strength they could have done some press ups. For speed they could have done a race. For suppleness they could have told the pupils to stretch themselves as much as they can. They also could have taken the pulse of the pupils at intervals of 2 all the way through the exercise till the pulse returns to the resting pulse instead of taking the pulse at intervals of 10 after the tenth minute. This way it would be easier to work the recovery time and the time would be more accurate. Also the sample size was not enough to support any conclusion that any sex is fitter than the other, therefore I would use a sample of at least 30 pupils of each sex. They should have got some more background information about the pupils and their health status. They could have done the exercise twice so the results are more reliable. The pulses taken were accurate because they connected the pupils to a BBC heart rate monitor. While some of the pulse rates appear to be anomalous, we can be sure of their accuracy due to the way they were recorded. Our interpretation of these is skewed as we have only 2 other data points to consider. These are discrete measurements determined by a wide range of continuous variables. On basing our conclusions upon these points we have to remember the underlying determining variation and that these factors have an influence on pulse rate. How to cite Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity`, Papers

Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity` Free Essays

Aims: To arrange pupils who took part in the exercise in order of fitness level. I will look at who is the fittest and see why, and also see if there are different fitness levels between girls and boys within the group. Method: The information that I have been given is that eight pupils, four of each sex took part in a stepping activity, their height and weight were recorded, the heart rate of all pupils before the activity, the heart rate of all pupils at regular intervals during the activity and the heart rate of all pupils 10 and 20 minutes after the activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity` or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way in which the pupils who carried out the investigation took the measure of heart rate was in the following way; each pupil in turn was connected to a BBC heart rate monitor and then asked to step up and down for ten minutes. Their heart rate was taken every 2 minutes. The pupils were then asked to rest. Their heart rate was taken again 10 and 20 minutes after the exercise had been completed. Background Information: There are many measures of fitness. For example the volume of blood, this is very important. The red blood cells contain the haemoglobin that reacts with oxygen. There are about 5.5 million red blood cells in each cubic cm of blood in a healthy adult. So the larger the volume of blood, the more oxygen is transported in a minute. So it is vital to have the requested amount of blood as that oxygenated blood which contains the oxyhaemoglobin, is that one that transports the oxygen to the cells, in this case the muscles exerting the force will be in most need to oxygen. Another thing that will affect the efficiency of the pupils in the exercise is how big the lungs are. If the lungs were big, they would have a large volume of air because the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles are larger and therefore create a larger volume when they contract; this is advantageous since they supply the increasing amount of oxygen to the blood passing through. When a person exercises, the level of carbon dioxide in blood increases and this is toxic. This increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is detected by the chemoreceptors, which send messages to the medulla oblongata, which in turn sends messages via the nerve fibers to the intercostals muscles, and diaphragm making them allow larger volumes of air in and because of that breathing rate increases. So the bigger the lungs, the more carbon dioxide they can take out from the carboxyhaemoglobin as they inhale. Until this point its all aerobic respiration but when it gets to the point when the heart can’t cope with the increasing demand for oxygen, the muscles will not get enough oxygen to react with glucose to create the energy to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is then used as an `energy currency` to `pay` for these changes in a cell which require energy, the cells start to break down what it can from the glucose to create little energy without the presence of oxygen, this is called anaerobic respiration as it doesn’t need oxygen and doesn’t produce carbon dioxide and water but instead Lactic acid. So no matter how fast you breathe or how fast your heartbeats, your body cannot obtain enough oxygen from aerobic respiration to supply all its energy needs. So although your muscles will get the energy they need, this lactic acid will start to collect in the muscles, which changes the blood pH, which also makes your muscles ache. So at the end of the exercise, the heart would have reached its limit in some pupils. The limit is when the heart is pumping as fast as it can and all the oxygen in the arterioles is taken and most of carbon dioxide is given to the venules. Within a minute, there will be too much of this acid that your muscles stop working altogether. So build up of lactic acid affects performance. You then will be breathing deeply after the exercise to repay the oxygen debt, which is the amount of oxygen needed to get rid of the acid. The heart is a muscular organ, so the cardiac tissue develops more strength with increased use so therefore when someone exercises that will make the heart more efficient and increases its size. So when the muscle develops the heart will pump more blood in each beat. This means that the heart can beat less frequently and still pump the same amount of blood. So the stronger the heart the fitter the person is. Now I am going to represent the information that I have been given in a series of graphs and charts so that I can analyze them and evaluate the procedure. Analysis: Graph number 1 shows the heart rate of all the pupils before, during and after the activity. A resting pulse is the pulse that you have when you are relaxing and not doing any exercise and doing your normal body functions. So when you compare the resting pulse of the pupils you notice a difference, this is because some pupils have stronger hearts. So low heart rate indicates strong cardiac muscles, which may be inferred that person is physically fit. Graph number 3 shows that the boy’s average heart rate is higher than the girls; therefore I can assume that the heart muscle of the girls is stronger within this sample. During the exercise phase all the pupils’ heart rate goes up because there is a greater demand for energy, which is met when the heart supplies blood carrying oxygen and glucose necessary for respiration. Due to the strengths of the hearts, some of the pupils are only able to sustain the effort for only a short period of time and others for longer. The heart rate goes down after the pupils stop exercising because there is a less demand for oxygen in the muscles, and so the heart is able to cope with that easily and therefore it doesn’t need to beat as frequent. You do realize that at the 10th minute the exercise is over, after the 10th minute, the graph shows the recovery time of all pupils. The recovery time is the time a pupil takes to recover from the end of the exercise to return back to the resting pulse. I have drawn a separate graph for the recovery time, as this time is an important sign of fitness. The shorter the time the fitter the person is because the person hasn’t got much of oxygen to pay back to get rid of the lactic acid. This shows that his\her heart copes well with the increasing demand for oxygen. From graph number 2 you can see that Anne and Daljit have the shortest recovery time, which is also identical i.e. 20 minutes, the longest recovery time is Jane’s which was 30 minutes long. So she took a while to repay the oxygen debt, her heart is not strong as the others, because it needed to keep pumping frequently to get the required amount of oxygen to where its wanted. Also the bar chart shows that the boy’s recovery time is slightly higher than the girls’ recovery time. The boys have an average of 19.5 and the girls have an average of 21.5. These averages are not accurate because we have not been given accurate information, as the pupils who took these measures, didn’t take them at narrow time intervals. So looking at these averages in addition graph number 3 showing pulse rate of boys verses girls which tells us that girls in this group have stronger cardiac muscles than boys for this sample. Summary: I conclude that Anne is the fittest pupil for a number of reasons. Anne has the lowest resting pulse and during the exercise her pulse rate stays the lowest, which means that she has got strong cardiac muscles, she has a very fast recovery time, which shows she is fit, and she is also physically fit because she has strong leg muscles. For the same reasons I will place the others in order of fitness level being the fittest at the top: 1. Anne 2. Daljit 3. Rhona 4. Marj 5. Jane 6. Sean 7. Aaron 8. Stan Evaluation: I am going to evaluate the experiment in the following way: the aim of the experiment is to find out who is the fittest and if there was any difference in fitness levels between boys and girls, but this experiment only experiments the stamina, and fitness involves all the S-factors which are strength, speed, stamina and suppleness. So they must cover the other three aspects. For strength they could have done some press ups. For speed they could have done a race. For suppleness they could have told the pupils to stretch themselves as much as they can. They also could have taken the pulse of the pupils at intervals of 2 all the way through the exercise till the pulse returns to the resting pulse instead of taking the pulse at intervals of 10 after the tenth minute. This way it would be easier to work the recovery time and the time would be more accurate. Also the sample size was not enough to support any conclusion that any sex is fitter than the other, therefore I would use a sample of at least 30 pupils of each sex. They should have got some more background information about the pupils and their health status. They could have done the exercise twice so the results are more reliable. The pulses taken were accurate because they connected the pupils to a BBC heart rate monitor. While some of the pulse rates appear to be anomalous, we can be sure of their accuracy due to the way they were recorded. Our interpretation of these is skewed as we have only 2 other data points to consider. These are discrete measurements determined by a wide range of continuous variables. On basing our conclusions upon these points we have to remember the underlying determining variation and that these factors have an influence on pulse rate. How to cite Test the heart rate of a number of pupils while they were taking part in a `stepping activity`, Papers

Foreign Direct Investment in China Essay Example For Students

Foreign Direct Investment in China Essay YR 12 Economics Assessment Task 1 Extended response AAs a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) consultant, a feasibility report has been undertaken to provide strategic information of the possibility of FDI in China. The South East Queensland (SEQ) Sheet Metal Company have been contemplating FDI in China, and have employed the FDI consultancy to analyse FDI as an economic strategy in general, and the opportunities available in china. This will provide valuable information and advice to company directors along with suggestion on how to overcome the various pitfalls associated with FDI. (Stimulus Booklet)FDI is the investment by foreign companies in to the international market, which actively involves them in managing local subsidiary companies or the management of their own. The trade between two countries are large contributing factors towards investment and further affect the success and profitability of the business throughout the entire term of establishment. Therefore the success of FDI in any country is directly in fluctuation to the countries trade agreement and all-round economic health. FDI for any business is a feasible and profitable consideration, which could initiate the development of new technologies and new international relations that will strengthen economic ties with existing trade partners. (Stimulus Booklet)The history of Chinas Economic prosperity has varied over time but during the last 40 years, drastic changes have occurred. During modern times the economic growth and decline will directly affect firms FDI in China. In the past China has suffered huge losses in resources and labour due to their own inefficiencies and political barriers, which set back progress and continued to ignore obvious signs of a falling Soviet Unions diminishing economic foothold. (Stimulus booklet) These foreseeable implications were ignored and during and between 1958 to 1962 China suffered a great famine and massive economic decline due to the Great Leap Forward suffering losses of up to 9 million people. (D.A.King, 1998) Since the death Mao Zedong the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) have initiated strategies to improve Chinas economy by introducing features of the market system that most western countries use, under the leadership of Chairman Deng the successor of Mao Zedong. After the death of Chairman Deng new reforms have continually been added to further encourage the Chinese economy into new sectors appealing to foreign investors, capable of inducing large injections into the local economy. The trends and characteristics of the Chinese economy over the last 2 decades indicate huge growth and continual growth and expansion of the Chinese market. (Economic Systems)Main considerations for FDI in China are due to recent trends and existing trade agreements between Australia and China involving vast amounts of base metal commodities, which are increasingly being exported to China. Following recent data, Chinas booming economy has fuelled new demand highs and massive increase in price of non-agricultural commodities, which in turn are required to satisfy the demand for more steel to build infrastructure, industry and high wealth commercial offices that are being erected all over Chinas east coast hot spots. A potential and lucrative market entry strategy, worth considering is offering SEQ Sheet Metal Company a complementary manufacturing plant to add value to raw materials shipped to Chinese plants. (The Australian 12/05/04)The analysis of the internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats (SWOT), aspects of a firms strategic planning, future growth and efficient development of FDI, is important information needed to make justifiable decisions based in the requirements set by the SEQ sheet metal. (Exporting to the future) The obvious strengths that could be taken into consideration are as follows:o Highly qualified experts trained in Australia o Motivated investors The weaknesses that may be encountered are as follows: o Lack of cultural knowledge-may cause weak bonds between employees and can lead to employees being offended o Language barrier- communication barriers, cause inefficiencies through misunderstandingso Poor anticipation of local labour inexperience- untrained personnel will cost time and money to traino Poor co-operation- leadership, friendship and team bonds may not be formed o Inefficient recourses to set up efficient production The exte rnal opportunities and potential of FDI in China are as follows:o Vast supply of resources- large import of commodities o Cheap labour o Importing base materials from

Boeing free essay sample

In late 2003, the company of Boeing was the worst of its life. However, it was changed some market demand and solved the technology issues, then slowing to improve. According to the case study (Boeing), the six-box organisational model provides a framework that succinctly identifies the key factors at the centre of the Boeing situation. 1. Strategy was to update their technology systems, downsize their operations, and re-establish relationships with their suppliers and the only feasible way costs could be cut. Structure the problem of 1994 airbus which shocked the management executives and began a series of changes that were implemented to overcome the bureaucratic structure, outdated technological systems, and unnecessary processes in a company that had reportedly changed. 3. Systems Boeing adopted the principles of lean manufacturing and aimed to rejuvenate their reputation by making their production more efficient. The object of the project was to implement an automated system of assembly lines. 4. Style the decision was made to diversify from the traditional commercial airline industry and the many acquisitions that were made created integration issues for the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The aim again was to add more stability to the business by diversifying into information services and the space industry that providing services with elevated margins that would reflect on Boeings bottom line. 5. Staff- according to the CEO of Airbus Noel Forgeard, the process of diversification was extremely demoralizing for Boeing mployees, but Boeings vice president of marketing, Randy Baseler, claimed that What affects morale right now is that we are in a down cycle. Regardless of the reasoning behind it, Boeings employee morale was at a low and this issue needed to be addressed. 6. Skills Boeing has bet its future on the market developing a partiality for smaller aircraft, like their new 7E7. Airbus. On the other hand, the projects will the airlines to purchase larger aircrafts in the future.

Actors Reviews: Finding the Best Resources

Actors' Reviews: Finding the Best ResourcesA great writers' resource is the Writers' Resource Group's (WRG) writing assignment - a complete dramatic review assignment. The group provides not only literary insights but is a great source of movies to watch, TV shows to watch, and even a topic of books to read. You can also find links to workshops and publications to expand your research on the topic.When using this resource for acting assignments, it is very important to be prepared to follow through with a detailed study of the reading material and of the writer's overall opinion of the short stories, novels, and screenplays. One of the most helpful tools is the resume highlighting the areas of specialization. A well-written resume will demonstrate your abilities and talents.Remember that writing actors' reviews includes short stories, novels, screenplays, and theatrical productions. As you become familiar with the resources, begin to notice which sources are most useful in each disci pline. In addition, you can look for reading materials online and on DVD. This way, you will be able to check your resourcefulness with ease.Take the time to research the subject of actors' critiques. Then, become familiar with the authors' styles and techniques. Most importantly, write about what interests you. Not only will you be more knowledgeable but you will be a better actor. Take the time to learn how to explore the possibilities.Use these resources to find out more about actors' short stories. Then, determine if you want to write a short story, novel, or play based on the same theme. Remember that you may be asked to do more than one project.When using these reading materials, take the time to become familiar with the area of expertise. If you are an actor, know what works well for you. Also, if you are a writer, figure out what areas interest you. If you are interested in writers' workshops, then be sure to find out which ones offer readings of pieces that you love to read .Rewriting is a skill that can be developed. In order to become skilled at rewriting, the following practices are useful. With practice, you will improve your rewriting skills and be able to write actors' reviews with ease.

CANADA Essays (743 words) - National Symbols Of Canada,

CANADA Did you ever stop and wonder how much we take the place we live for granted? If you were to take the time, you would discover how diverse are Canada's history, geography, climate, economy, cultures and government. Did you know it is the largest country in the world now that U.S.S.R broke up. Specifically, Canada is 9,922,330 square km. Did you know that Canada used to be named "Kanata"? Yes, Kanata is an Indian word meaning village. It was not until July 1,1867 that Kanata was renamed Canada. Canada was originally discovered by Jacques Cartier an explorer from France who sailed down the St.Lawrence in 1534. Cartier we believe was the first to set foot on Canadian soil. He marked his presence with a flag claiming it his land. Over the years, Canada has developed into the home of the largest free-standing structure in the world. Canada,(a great tourist attraction)is also home of the largest water fall in the world. Our farmland unlike a lot of others has a variety of climate. The warmer summer climate ranges from +10 - +30 and the cooler climate ranges from anywhere to -10 - -30. Despite the changes in temperature, Canada's precipitation is very light. Our home is enclosed by the United States of America, south, the Pacific ocean and Alaska on the west side, the Atlantic ocean on the east side and the Arctic up north. One of the dominant reasons Canada is so well populated is due to the fact of our financial status. At this present time, the economy is not doing too well, but who's is? Canada is highly industrialised by manufacturing Automobiles, food, liquor and tobacco. We as a Unified country accept other cultures and religions. Canada has about every nationality possible and together they form a great home. Despite the many cultures, Canada's main languages are english and french. Canada is a democracy. This means the government is elected by all the people. It is responsible for managing the country, forcing laws, building roads and helping the country run smoothly. Canada has three main levels of government: Federal, Provincial and Municipal. The house of commons lies in Ottawa, Ontario. While the Queen is not present, her representative, the Governor General is in charge. He ranks higher than the Prime Minister. In conclusion, I hope I have raised your awareness of Canada's varied history, geography, economy, climate, cultures and government. This is great country that we live in. I am truly proud to be a Canadian. Extras Canada in it's history to date has had five flags. "The First, was a white flag with three gold fleurs-de-lys. This flag was used by Cartier in his voyage up the St. Lawrence and by Champlain in his explorations of eastern Canada. It was under this flag that the French lived until the fall of Quebec in 1759. The flag was used by the English from around 1700 was the Union Flag which contained two crosses-the cross of St. George and the cross of St. Andrew and St. Patrick was introduced. This flag is still used in Canada for special occasions. The Red Ensign was approved in 1945 for use by Canadians overseas and on certain occasions in Canada. The flag was used until 1965. The Royal Canadian flag was authorized by Royal Proclamation on February 15, 1965, following approval by Canadian House of Commons and Senate in December 1965. The Canadian flag is red. In its centre is a white square the width of the flag, with a single Red Maple Leaf in the centre. The flag must always be twice as long as it is wide so that it makes a square when folded in two. The colours white and red were given to Canada by King George V, on November 21, 1921, when he granted arms to Canada on the recommendation of the canadian government. The Maple Leaf has always been an emblem of Canada. There is no significance to the eleven points of the leaf. It is stylized or conventional in form, as is common when things found in nature are used as flags, banners or arms. Note- When hoisting the flag or descending, never let it touch the ground. This

Contents Essays - Panchayati Raj, Government, India, Free Essays

Contents Essays - Panchayati Raj, Government, India, Free Essays Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1. Introduction PAGEREF _Toc478254526 \h 2 2. Historical perspective of Local self-Governments. PAGEREF _Toc478254527 \h 5 3. 73 rd and 74 th amendments of Constitution. PAGEREF _Toc478254528 \h 7 4. Need of Accountability of Local governments. PAGEREF _Toc478254529 \h 9 5. Devolution of funds, functions and functionaries to the PRIs. PAGEREF _Toc478254530 \h 11 6. Adequacy of systems of financial accountability in local bodies. PAGEREF _Toc478254531 \h 13 7. Initiatives of CAG in local bodies accounting and auditing. PAGEREF _Toc478254532 \h 14 8. Conclusion. PAGEREF _Toc478254533 \h 16 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc478254534 \h 17 Acco untability of Local Governments Introduction : The concept of local self-governments is not new to India as we can find its existence in the ancient period as well as in the era of Aryans, M auryas , Rajputs etc. The local self-government system has found a new breath of life in the British reign over our country, particularly in the efforts of Lord Mayo and Lord Rippon . After Independence, various committees were formed to suggest measures for implementing effective local self governance at grass root level, e.g. Balwant rai Mehta committee, Ashok Mehta Committee, Singhvi Committee etc. Finally, 73 rd and 74 th amendments to the constitution in 1992 gave con stitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Municipalities. Chapters IX( article 243 to 243-O) and IXA( articles 243-P to 243 ZG) were added along with 11 th and 12 th schedule to deal with rural and urban local governments respectively. The 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts 1992,supplemented by legislation/resolutions in the States in 1994, changed the structure of governance permanently from a two-tier to a three-tier system consisting of the Union, the States and the Panchayats /Municipal Bodies with a distinct developmental orientation. With these landmark Constitutional amendments, the units of local self-governments at various tiers/levels got a new lease of life and many far-reaching changes in the Constitution and the State laws were brought about to ensure proper functioning of democracy at the grassroots. The Government of India (GOI) Task Force on Decentralisation (2001) stated, " Decentralisation in the context of panchayats means that when authority is transferred from the state to the local governments, the latter should have the prerogative of taking decisions on the planning and implementation of such activity." The functioning of the third tier of government depends on the devolution of resources, subjects and functionaries to the Panchayats and Municipalities. With increasing funds being made available to the local self-governments and the slow but gradual transfer of functions to these units, the question of accountability of these institutions has assumed great importance. The need for capacity building in accounts, budgeting, monitoring, etc. becomes all the more critical in this context. This assignment broadly addresses the issues related to improving accountability of local self-governments in India. The issue of accountability in the larger perspective involves political, administrative as well as financial accountability. This assignment however discusses the issues related to improving financial accountability of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) with focus on Comptroller Auditor General of India (CAG)'s initiatives in improving the accounting and auditing arrangements at the grass roots level. Relevant Constitutional provisions: Article 243H- Powers to impose taxes by, and funds of, the panchayats . Article 243I- Constitution of finance commission to review financial position. Article 243J- Audit of accounts of panchayats The above articles relating to panchayats are mirrored for Municip alities under articles 243X, 243Y and 243Z. If local bodies are to perform their assigned functions effectively, they must be fiscally capable and autonomous. There is a significant mismatch between functional and financial capabilities of PRIs in many states. The innovative idea of setting up state finance commissions to further augment financial resources of local bodies has also had problems in implementation. Along with transfer of funds comes the issue of administering them. There is a disjoint between functions and functionaries. In many states, Functionaries remains state officials on deputation to the local bodies, with panchayats exercising little administrative control over them. Financial accountability involves accountability for whether the money and other resources have been utilized according to the legal requirements and efficiently.

Business future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business future - Assignment Example Chongqing has an average of 67 institutions of higher education with about 600,000 undergraduates entering them yearly. The region has 236 vocational schools housing half a million of the students. Therefore, this makes the availability of local skilled labor and the R&D operations cost effective. The region has a lower production cost therefore it makes the price index moderate unlike in Eastern China and the Western neighbor Chengdu (Liu, Zhang & Zhang, 2010, pp.72). Compared to Chinese cities like Shanghai and Beijing, Chongqing, strategically positioned, one can relatively move with ease from the metropolitan part of the city. Just next to the city center, the Southern Mountains provide plenty of outdoor opportunities and peace. At the outskirt, the rice paddies and historic villages are easily visible. The area is safe from gangsters and corruption. In 2009, the authorities in the city under the municipal Communist Party secretary by the name of Bo Xilai took a large-scale crackdown by arresting 4,893-suspected thugs, corrupt and the outlaws’ cadres. The arrests saw an end to the period of gangsters (Thompson, Lane & Bedford, 2010, pp. 98). The air quality is a most significant health concern in China. The region enjoys moderately good air quality compared to other areas in China. Its beautiful Riverside has been a key source of attraction. However, it experiences moderate instances of air pollution from the production industries around the city. The cultural life has the entire infrastructure needed. For example, the region has the traditional museums, the contemporary art, modern opera building, art schools, live houses, and the small theaters where the people watch Sichuan opera. English entertainment is quite limited (Liu, Zhang & Zhang, 2010, pp.88). The healthcare in the region is not as advanced like those in the cities of Shanghai and Chengdu. The global hospital clinic preferred among the expats

Harford Bicycle Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Harford Bicycle Planning - Assignment Example Hull consists of a population of 262,000 individuals with a near 50/50 gender ratio. No particular cycling habits were identified through studies pertaining to very regionalized cultural habits in Hull. It is an understanding that certain geographical features and inherent landscape motivations will determine some consumer behaviour, however without this data this marketing function seeks for mass market appeal via a systematic IMC campaign. In this city, the infrastructure for this activity is present, the motivations and incentives are a missing component. Using valid concepts of human behaviour, target markets were identified as subsections: Since no identifiable model of consumer target characteristics could be identified, this segmentation approach represents a modified acknowledgement of the FCB Planning Model and the Elaboration Likelihood Model of consumer decision-making. Taking into assessment the history and structure of Hull, these markets coincide with the geographical proximity of Halford’s product distributors and can be targeted through mass-focused communications over a systematic time period. The concept is not about making comparable difference claims about Halford’s internal brand reliance and partnerships, positioning Halford’s is identifying its strengths and weaknesses that are most likely to be present in the local environment. Halford’s currently refers to itself as much like a distributor when referring to its product selection, thus making it competitive through its product. Halford’s requires a repositioning during this summer period that gives the business a personified image. It is choice of quality positioning as a lifestyle leader for key markets with a supplementary identity as a premier sales organization. Quality. It speaks a different language depending on the target

Comparison of Project Management Methodologies

Comparison of Project Management Methodologies Introduction Project management describes an organizational approach to the management about ongoing operations linked to a project. Project management has an importance since the early 1980s as a distinct discipline. The first step in developing any discipline is to develop a Body of Knowledge on the discipline as detailed concepts, processes and methodologies are developed. Project management has recognition due to the massive growth of the IT industry and managing the problems of projects effectively. Project management has body of knowledge, project management tools and software. The project management body of knowledge is a universal body of knowledge on the discipline and it has developed to make basic competency and knowledge in project management personnel to handle difficult projects in an ordered manner. A methodology is a set of guiding principle that can be modified and useful to a precise condition. A methodology might also be a precise approach, templates, forms, and even checklists used over the project life cycle. A recognized project methodology is supposed to lead the effort of all team members all over the life cycle of a project. All members of a group should be well-known with and use the selected methodology right through their projects. Many project management methodologies agreement with the management of a single project, without appreciating that many other projects in a company compete for the very same assets and awareness. The project management methodology should also suggest project managers with the point of view that there is a project management framework and related methodologies present in the company. In this article, we will be discussing PMBoK of the Project Management Institute (PMI, USA) and APM (Association of Project Managers) (UK). In addition, we will also look at PRINCE2, that is more of a software product for project management, but flexible enough to fit in between, a body of knowledge and a full scale SW product. While both APM and Prince2 have their origin in UK, PMBoK is from PMI of USA. APM represents the BoK from France, Germany, UK, and Switzerland. PMBoK and APM are body of knowledge while PRINC2 is a PM software product and hence branded as prescriptive (defined for the user with limited flexibility within the overall framework), while the BoK is just a body of knowledge, that need to be put to use by defining the operational elements. Benefits of Project Management Methodologies Structured approaches as in PMBOK and products such as Prince2, enable capture all elements of the project upfront; educate project team on the various elements and their relationships /dependencies, to create a workable and accountable team environment. Projects as different from non project (operational) environments are extremely time, resource, dependencies and outcome sensitive, and are not eternal. To implement a project, a team is assembled to execute the project as different from an operational phase where employees work on a consistent / homogeneous environment for long time, and there is a natural learning process of the job and cross dependencies. Projects cannot afford the luxury of natural learning. PM methodologies thus focus on the conscious deliberate approach to build capacity in the project team for execution through training, clear definition of the project, roles and tasks, assets, improvement description and methods of tracking improvement, communication, risk ma nagement and mid course correction, and so on. These are achieved through defined processes and definition of functional areas and their relationships. A project organization structure will deliver the output in line with the processes defined in the PM methodologies. Thus a structured approach greatly helps in avoiding costly and time consuming discoveries during the project phase, and adopting a trial and error method. It is basically an attempt to define and clarify upfront, and put in place processes to implement tasks that are clarified and defined. PM methodologies also ensure through IT technology that drives them, consistency and integrity of project information and the data it relies on, for subsequent actions by various project team actors. Data consistency and timely availability is one of the most critical impediments to any project. Technology induction in PM helps in having one single page view of all facets of the project at any point in time, for all stakeholders, on a need to know basis, within as well as outside the project. As structured approaches removes this shortcoming by capturing data from the business processes itself, there is no need for or time lost in database updating. The updating is thus compulsive, error free and automatic. Structured approaches also helps define criticality and automatic generation of alerts on defined project events for timely intervention as well as tracking performance. This helps avoid costly actions that otherwise would have been taken based on hunch, without access to current data. Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) PMBOK was initiated by the PMI in 1987 to standardize generally accepted project management practices. The focus is on process driven management to ensure standardization of good practices on the lines of ISO 9000 and the Software Engineering Institutes CMMI. PMBOK is structured as five process groups and nine knowledge areas and is compliant with IEEE Std 1490-2003. The five processes are: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing. PMBoK processes are project phase driven in terms of Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.), Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs) and Outputs (documents, products, etc.). The nine knowledge areas address Project Integration, Scope, Time, Cost, Quality, Human Resources, Communications, Risk and Procurement. Each knowledge area is conceived to comprise all or some of the processes. The philosophy of any PM methodology is breaking down the works in a structured manner (WBS), sequencing them, define their relationships, dependencies, start and end dates, resources needed, costs, risks, and follow concepts of critical paths, resource leveling and so on. PM methodologies explicitly identify all above ingredients of a project that are mostly internal to the project. In addition, there are several factors considered to be exogenous to the project itself, which thinking is changing now. These exogenous factors are the human resources, finance, environmental management, stakeholder management, regulations, relationships, risks, project outcomes in terms of quantifiable benefits and the time when they are to occur, Thus project management has extended its boundary by internalizing their forward and backward linkages with the project itself. PM is no longer a pure engineering function, but a critical holistic techno, commercial managerial task. Why PMBOK? The project management body of knowledge is a generalized body of knowledge on the discipline, developed to create basic competence and knowledge, in project management personnel, to handle complex projects in a structured manner. This was important since the people working and managing projects (having to manage projects) in the IT industry, was young and inexperienced, and IT project management itself was an emerging area. Therefore it was felt that a defined body of knowledge is necessary to build the concept of PM. Comparison with Traditional or non-structured methodology (Waterfall Model) Waterfall model is expensive and lengthy to back to a previous phase to fix them if encounter difficulties during one phase. If there have problems with the design during construction, then the only way is to stop all construction work and restart the design process otherwise most of the construction work will not match the new design. Construction can start again only after the new design finalized, documented, and signed off. It makes changes very difficult to implement the PMBOK can formulate waterfall development seem natural and appropriate. PRINCE 2 PRINCE2 project management methodology is a world-class standard for managing projects to a successful conclusion. It is a de facto standard used widely by the UK Government and is broadly recognized and used in the private area, both in the UK and globally. PRINCE2, the method, is in the public area, offering non-proprietorial best-practice guideline on project management. In fact Prince2 is not good enough on the quality management in projects but strong on Risk Management. It covers how to arrange, proceed and control your projects.  As a Project manager, the principles of PRINCE2 and the related training can be used to any type of project to manage risk, control quality and change successfully, as well as build the most of demanding situations and opportunities, that occur within a project. The key features of PRINCE2 are: its spotlight on business justification a definite business constitution for the project management team its product-based development approach its highlighting on isolating the project into controllable and manageable stages its elasticity to be used at a stage suitable to the project PRINCE2 does not explain all aspects of project management.   Fields such as leadership and people management skills, detailed coverage of project management tools and techniques covered by other existing and proven methods are excluded from PRINCE2. Benefits of using PRINCE2 PRINCE2 gives benefits to the managers and directors of a project and to an organization through the apply of resources and the skill to manage business and risk more successfully. PRINCE is broadly recognized, understood and giving a general language for all participants in a project. It also supports formal identification of duties within a project and focuses on what a project is to deliver, why, when and for whom. PRINCE2 supplies projects with a controlled and organized start, middle and end. It helps to review of progress against plan and against the business case and ensure the involvement of management and stakeholders at the right time and place during the project and good communication guide between the project, project management and the organization. Project Managers using PRINCE2 are able to: set up terms of reference as a precondition to the initiate of a project use a defined formation for delegation, authority and communication split the project into controllable phases for more correct planning make sure resource promise from management is part of any approval to proceed give regular but brief management reports maintain meetings with management and stakeholders to a minimum but at the essential points in the project. For senior management PRINCE2 uses the management by exception idea. They are kept fully up to date of the project condition without having to be present at regular, time-consuming meetings. There are many organizations providing teaching, consultancy and tools services for PRINCE2, thus ensuring a competitive supply. In addition, there is an active user group dedicated to the support, promotion and strengthening of the method. APM Body of Knowledge The APM Body of Knowledge is a recognized collection of project management knowledge. It gives introductions and general guides to those areas measured vital to the regulation of managing projects, and it is visibly structured with definitions, explanations and recommended further evaluation material. This information will direct and help those involved in project management in their effort, studies and learning for accepted qualifications. While a structure has been provided to handle the BoK, it should not be construed as one element of the structure, being independent of the other. In fact they are all interdependent and the structure is only for the purpose of logical organization and clarity. They are treated separately due to their significance and to aid in simplicity of their presentation. In reality, many topics may fit into more than one section as they may be applicable to more than one phase of a project. For example, project risk management and project quality management are not to be treated as topics in isolation. APM Body of Knowledge and PRINCE2 Compared There are many similarities that can be found when comparing the APM Body of Knowledge with PRINCE2. For example, they both: Describe generic approaches to project management that can be useful in spite of the type of project Can be applied across geological and cultural boundaries, even though they both originate within the United Kingdom Recognize that they cannot provide a one-size-fits-all formula to project success Cover the topics of Business Case, Organizational Roles, Quality Management, Risk Management, Change Control, Issue Management, Configuration Management, and aspects of Planning and of Progress Control. The key difference between APM Body of Knowledge and PRINCE2 PRINCE 2 is a structured project management method and APM BoK a body of project management knowledge APM BoK provides descriptions and explanations of a broad range of project management topics and takes a discipline-based approach to project management , where PRINCE 2 Provides detailed descriptions of specific approaches that PRINCE2 has for a fairly narrow range of project management topics and takes a process-based approach to project management A brief comparison of PMBOK and APM depicts following salient features In addition to commonalities, PMBOK explicitly addresses socio economics, quality management, risk management, communication, stakeholders and organizational influences, while APM addresses success / failure criteria, post project appraisal, project environment such as law, mobilization, delegation, leadership communication, conflict, negotiation, and industrial relations, marketing skills. IT Governance and Methodologies IT project committee has come into view as an important corporate duty. The capacity to manage strict managerial and board control over main IT projects throughout their lifecycle, has become a decision making issue in shaping businesses bloom and creator with tools at the spirit of most businesses. PRINCE 2 offers a process model that is aimed to be applied, as a set of steps in a coherent sequence by a project manager in planning and managing a project. The application of the process model is adjustable to almost all types of projects and a good number of complexities. Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 manual contains a number of materials that are regulations for a project manager in applying the process model. The PMBOK details are a set of processes that descend under nine Knowledge Areas and can be connected in five groups if the project manager prefers. PMBOK offers the project manager a considerable range of data about proven practices in this area and provoke the project manager to relate these where they think appropriate but PRINCE2 provides more regulatory steps for the project manager and teams to follow. Knowledge areas of the PMBOK and the procedures and materials of PRINCE2 and APM have many similar topics. It is clear that all three represent best practice with their difference being in the implementation as a methodology and a number of terminology differences. The PRINCE 2 approach has some advantages that it brings a degree of consistency in an organization. At the same time as allowing for tailoring to a range of projects generally requires undertaking the same processes and using the same terminology for all projects. There have some payback in corporate program management, project staff training programs, project presentation and tracking systems. The disadvantage is restricts creativity in the diversity of methods applied to managing a project. There have some benefits in accepting both PMBOK and PRINCE2 to co-exist in several companies. PMBOK presents the academic knowledge resource that is useful in improving the profession of project management. It also permits flexibility in adoption and implementation that is context driven. PRINCE2 presents a process model that is applied directly by project managers and teams from a diverse range of backgrounds to make consistent project management and project results. Though there are several commonalities across projects of all types one need to have organizational efficiency, flexibility and creativity to make various kind of projects. In short PRINCE2 is a ready to consume food, while PMBOK and APM are ingredients that need to be cooked the way one wants, but one need to know how to do it. Concluding observations While there are only a few initiatives on the Body of Knowledge in Project Management such as PmBok and APM, there are several Software products that help implement a professional and structured project management practice. These products vary from stand alone packages that are implementable on single systems to the most sophisticated ones that are even implementable as a web based system, Some of the products also integrate with the other organizational systems such ERP and functional software packages that help integrate the entire functions of running an organization whether in the excusive business of managing projects or projects are only one of the activities of the organization. While the BoK helps those in project management to understand project management as a structured disciple the products helps in implementing structured project management practice. Project management as any other discipline is still emerging and it should not be surprising if the discipline undergoes a complete transformation as the discipline matures and branches out into further project specific specialties as has happened in the case of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP). Project management specialists should look out for such evolving opportunities with an open innovative mind.

A Comparison and Contrast of Ideas of Beauty

It has often been said that â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder.† This may well be true, but many people, particularly women, have trouble seeing their own beauty, especially when they do not look just like everyone else.The three short stories that were assigned, â€Å"Beauty: When The Other Dancer Is The Self,† by Alice Walker, â€Å"Mirrors,† by Lucy Grealy, and â€Å"The Story of My Body,† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, all share the same premise. In each story, each young woman is faced with trials due to the way they look. The way that they choose to deal with these trials, however, is different for each one.â€Å"Beauty: When The Other Dancer Is The Self† is the story of Alice Walker’s life as a child. She thrived on being considered cute and â€Å"sassy.† At one point in the story, she even mentions that she was fond of staring at people, just so they would notice her and how beautiful she was. Unfortunately, all that changed wh en she was accidently shot in the eye with a BB pellet.She lost sight in that eye, and the eye formed a large white cataract that people would stare at and comment on. Walker refused to look anyone in the eye for years. She became extremely uncomfortable with the idea that she was no longer beautiful in the traditional sense, and her social and scholastic abilities suffered for it. When she was older, she had the chance to have the cataract removed, and nothing but a blue scar remained.This did wonders for her confidence, until she had a child of her own. She worried about what the child might think of her blind eye, but a television show featuring a blue globe gave the child the idea that her mother had a world in her eye. To the child, this was a wonderful thing. Walker, gaining acceptance from her child, was able to finally accept herself.â€Å"Mirrors,† by Lucy Grealy, is the story of the author’s battle with cancer of the jaw and the disfiguration it caused. Greal y was young when she had to have part of her jaw removed, so along with the normal trials of growing up, she was forced to deal with the pain of chemotherapy and the stares and taunts of insensitive children and adults.When the reconstruction of her face failed time after time, she gave up looking into mirrors. In fact, she avoided any shiny surface. She stayed in the library most of the time, reading books about the Holocaust and other dreadful times in history to make her pain seem less significant. When she finally had a chance to have work done on her face overseas, she jumped at the chance.She seemed to think that having a â€Å"perfect† face would solve all of her problems. Instead, the surgeries caused new problems. She had to have work done on the healthy side of her face to make a match, and she ended up looking nothing like what she thought she would. Not being able to reconcile with her new face, she ignored mirrors for a whole year. However, at the end of her stor y, she encountered a man who made her feel good about herself. Finally, she had the acceptance she needed to peak at her reflection in a window.â€Å"The Story of my Body,† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, tells the tale of what is was like for the young Cofer to grow up Puerto Rican. In her own society she was considered light skinned and tall. When she moved to the United States, she was considered dark and short. This instant change in the way people perceived her was very hard for the child to take.She got to the point where she no longer wanted to look at herself. She was an outcast at school, so much so that her parents had to send her to live with her grandparents in order to attend a different school. Unfortunately, things weren’t much better for her there. She was bone-thin at the age where most teenagers start to blossom.She was also considered â€Å"dirty† by white people, and was unable to date the boy she loved because his parents would not allow him to date a â€Å"dark† girl. However, Cofer excelled in school. It was the one thing that she could do right. When her good grades got her into college, she was in a different world where people found her â€Å"exotic† and beautiful. Being accepted came, oddly enough, by being different.These three stories have much in common. For instance, all three women gave up looking at themselves for various amounts of time. Being told that they were â€Å"ugly† and â€Å"dirty† took a toll on each one’s self esteem. Each woman had a physical problem. Walker had a discolored, blind eye, Grealy had a terribly disfigured face, and Cofer, along with being the exact opposite of the standards for beauty, had chicken pox scars all over her face.All of these reasons, although they vary in severity, were more than enough reason to make a young woman want to hang her head. No one ever said that the teenage and young adult years were easy, anyway. Perhaps the most important thi ng that they all had in common was the need for something to better their perceptions of themselves. For Walker, it was her child. Once she had acceptance from her little one, she was free to face the world.For Grealy, it was having lunch with a man who did not seem disgusted or turned off by her deformities. His attitude towards her was enough to make her want to see what he saw in her. For Cofer, it was excelling in school and making it to college. There she found people who didn’t care if she was different, and some that actually seemed to like her better because she was different. She could finally think of herself as pretty again.The stories also have some contrasting themes. The types of suffering experienced by the women were vastly different. Although one can emphasize with Cofer over being picked last in gym and looking different, her suffering was much less than Grealy’s loss of a portion of her face or Walker’s loss of sight. The way that each woman o vercame her difficulties is also different. Cofer used her smarts and her mental ability to rise above those who tortured her. Walker was partially freed by having her cataract removed in order to look more â€Å"normal.†However, Grealy turned her back on her femininity for a while and withdrew into books, not wanting to accept the fact that she lived in the real world. She was perked up by the man mentioned above, but she fell into a sad life of drug addiction and eventual suicide. This is perhaps the largest contrast. While Walker and Cofer found their beauty, Grealy apparently never did.In conclusion, these three stories have a lot to teach us about our reaction to suffering. We should not hide ourselves away from the world because of our problems, but neither should we cause other people to want to hide away because of our stares and comments. Beauty is subjective. Magazines and movies would have us believe that only one kind of beauty is acceptable, but that is not the c ase.People who rise from adversity are often left with beautiful souls, and that is what we should look for in a person. All these women mentioned were beautiful because they persevered, and it is a shame that Grealy could not come to see herself in that light. If nothing else, these stories should show the reader that beauty really is in the eye of the beholder, and we should never do or say anything to steal another person’s beauty from them.